Protocol and its types

                                                                        

Protocol

Introduction:

• Protocol states standard methods and rules for two computers to communicate each other.

• Helps to transfer and process data between computers.

• Those methods and rules which helps computers to communicate are called "protocols".

• Some of the examples are TCP, IP, UDP, POP, SMTP, HTTP, FTP and etc..,

TCP/IP

• TCP and IP are protocols often linked together.

• Data is transferred in the form of "packets".

• TCP assures no data loss while tranferring data.
• IP is a method of routing information to specific IP address.
• Every Computer has its own IP address.
• Packet passes through number of routers to reach destination.

UDP and ICMP

• User Datagram Protocol(UDP) uses datagram instead of packets to transfer data.

• Simpler and lacks error-recovery functions.

• Used by fewer system resources.

• Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP) is used for diagnostic and management purposes.

Mail Protocols POP and SMTP

• Used for sending and receiving mails. 

• SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is most commonly used for sending mails.

• POP(Post Office Protocol) is mostly used by PCs.

• Both servers may not have same IP address.

• Most powerful protocol for reading mail is Interactive Mail Access Protocol(IMAP).

• All Uses TCP in managing the transmission and delivery of mail.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

• Webpages are contructed according to a standard method called HTTP.

• Webpage is transferred in a format called Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

• Uses TCP to manage transmission.

• HTTP related HTTPS(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer) provides security for data transmitted.

• Encryption and decryption techniques are used in Https.

File Transfer Protocol

• Used for copying files over a network.

• Primarily used for uploading files today.

• Often also used for downloading for handling traffic.